The elastic, orthotropic model represents material with three mutually perpendicular (orthogonal) planes of elastic symmetry. Example applications: soil, rock, manufactured material such as steel loaded below strength limit. This model is valid for homogeneous, isotropic, continuous materials that exhibit linear stress-strain behavior with no hysteresis on unloading.
The elastic, isotropic model provides the simplest representation of material behavior. This is more advantageous than deleting zones because zone materials can be changed later (for instance, to represent backfill in a construction stage). NULL MODEL GROUPĪ null material model can be assigned to zones to represent material that is removed or excavated (holes, excavations, regions in which material will be added at later stage). FLAC3D's functionality can be even further expanded by purchasing additional options. FLAC3D includes the following standard nineteen null, elastic, and plastic models.
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